A name can survive a border change, a conquest and a map revision while the thing it denotes changes. Historical geography makes the mapping explicit; a time series should do the same before it compares locations across years.
A line between two points is not a journey until it carries mode, season, authority and the source that drew it. Explorations and historical geography keep the route and the later map from becoming one fact.
When the reporting unit changes, aggregation can manufacture a discontinuity even if every underlying place changed smoothly. Regression can quantify the apparent effect; historical geography says to repair the unit first.